1253 Totally Explained

Everything about 1253 totally explained

Years: 1250 1251 1252 - 1253 - 1254 1255 1256
Decades: 1220s 1230s 1240s - 1250s - 1260s 1270s 1280s
Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century

Events

Europe

War and politics

July - William II, Count of Holland defeats the Flemish army at Westkapelle.
July 6 - Mindaugas is crowned as King of Lithuania.
A series of naval wars begins between the Italian city-states of Genoa and Venice, which will continue sporadically until 1371.
King Henry III of England meets with English nobles and church leaders to reaffirm the validity of the Magna Carta.
Pope Innocent IV returns to Rome, having left 9 years earlier in 1244 to depose Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and being unable to return until after Frederick's death, due to the agitation throughout Europe caused by that action.
Having rebuffed the armed forces of Conrad IV of Germany, Pope Innocent IV offers Sicily to Edmund, son of King Henry III of England.
Halych-Volynia becomes a vassal state to the expanding Mongol Empire.

Culture

Matthew Paris writes Historia Anglorum, a work on English history.

The Basilica of San Francesco, the earliest important structure in the Italian Gothic style of architecture, is completed in Assisi, Italy.

Sligo Abbey is built in Sligo, Ireland.

The Domus Conversorum, a building and institution in London for Jews who had converted to Christianity, is established by King Henry III of England.

La Sorbonne is founded by Robert de Sorbon.

Asia

April 28 - Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, declares his intent to preach the Lotus Sutra and Nam Myoho Renge Kyo as the true Buddhism, thus founding Nichiren Buddhism.

May - King Louis IX of France dispatches William of Rubruck from Constantinople on a missionary journey to convert the Tatars of central and eastern Asia. Later that year, William records the first meeting between European Christians and Buddhists.

The Mongol Empire launches attacks on the Muslim cities of Baghdad and Cairo.

The Mongol Empire destroys the Kingdom of Dali (Yunnan) in Laos and incorporates the region into their empire.

Kublai Khan introduces the baisha xiyue song and dance suite to the music of Yunnan.

The Chinese era Baoyou begins in the Southern Song Dynasty of China.

The Mongols defeat the Thai confederacy.

Births

October 17 - Saint Ivo of Kermartin, French canon lawyer

John I, Duke of Brabant (d. 1294)

Hugh II of Cyprus (d. 1267)

Deaths

January 19 - Dogen, Japanese founder of the Soto school of Zen Buddhism

July 8 - Theobald IV of Champagne (b. 1201)

August 11 - Clare of Assisi, Italian follower of Francis of Assisi (b. 1194)

September 23 - Wenceslaus I, King of Bohemia

October 9 - Robert Grosseteste, English statesman and theologian

Saint Richard of Chichester

King Henry I of Cyprus (b. 1217)

Amadeus IV of Savoy (b. 1197)Further Information

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